Can a Shower and a Toy Water Wheel Teach Physics? A Fun Introduction to Energy with a Ping-Pong Gun

Hi, I’m Ken Kuwako, your Science Trainer. To me, every single day is an experiment!

We use the word “energy” all the time in our daily lives. But if someone asked you, “So, what exactly is energy?” would you know how to answer? Science textbooks usually define it as “the capacity to do work.” While accurate, that phrase is a bit abstract and hard to visualize, isn’t it?

To bridge that gap, I decided to “visualize” this invisible force using a simple toy waterwheel. From kinetic energy to gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy—watch how these different forms of “mechanical energy” connect to tell a single, fascinating story. First, take a look at this summary video:

Now, let’s break down these three types of energy one by one.

Turning Momentum into Action: Kinetic Energy

First up is Kinetic Energy, which is the energy possessed by an object in motion. To demonstrate this, I blasted a waterwheel with a high-pressure stream from a showerhead.

When the water hits the toy, the wheel starts spinning vigorously. It looks like a common sight, but from a physics perspective, it’s a brilliant transformation. The energy held by the “moving water” is being converted into “work”—the physical act of turning the wheel.

I used this specific waterwheel toy for the experiment:

Waterwheel Toy (Amazon)

Height is Future Power: Gravitational Potential Energy

Next, let’s look at Gravitational Potential Energy, which is the energy stored in an object due to its height. This time, I used water dripping from a faucet to turn the wheel. By moving the waterwheel higher or lower, the spinning speed changed dramatically. The further the water falls, the more energy it gains to strike the wheel. This is the exact same principle used in hydroelectric dams!

Also, increasing the water flow makes the wheel spin even faster. This gives us a great hint about how electricity works: “Current (amount of water) × Voltage (height) = Power.” It’s amazing to see how energy changes shape to support our modern lives.

Check out this article for an even simpler version of this experiment you can do at your bathroom sink:

高いほどパワーアップ!?水車のおもちゃで学ぶ「位置エネルギー」

Power Hidden in a Compressed Spring: Elastic Potential Energy

Finally, we have Elastic Potential Energy, the energy held by a deformed object as it tries to return to its original shape. I found the perfect tool to explain this: a “skeleton” spring-powered ping pong gun that lets you see exactly what’s happening inside.

Ping Pong Gun

The best part about this toy is that the tightly compressed spring is completely visible. You can see at a glance that by squeezing the spring, you are “storing” energy right there. The moment you pull the trigger, that stored energy is released all at once to do the “work” of launching the ball.

Kinetic, Potential, Elastic—they may have different names, but they are all connected by one definition: “the capacity to do work.” By watching the wheel spin or the spring release, I hope you can feel the excitement of science in a way that words in a textbook just can’t capture.

Keep an eye out—you’ll start seeing “invisible energy” everywhere around you!

Inquiries and Requests

Let’s make the wonders of science a part of your everyday life! I share fun experiments you can do at home and easy-to-understand tips. Feel free to explore more:

My “Science Note” series is now available as a book! Details here.

Learn more about me (Ken Kuwako) here.

For requests (writing, speaking, workshops, TV supervision, etc.), click here.
– Stay updated with my latest posts on X (Twitter)!

Watch experiment videos on the Science Material Channel!

3月のイチオシ実験!

  • 押し花を作ろう!:梅や桜の花の押し花を作ってみましょう。特別なケースに入れると、長く保存できて、しおりにもなります。

テレビ番組・科学監修等のお知らせ

書籍のお知らせ

講師・ショー・その他お知らせ

Explore

  • 楽しい実験…お子さんと一緒に夢中になれるイチオシの科学実験を多数紹介しています。また、高校物理の理解を深めるための動画教材も用意しました。
  • 理科の教材… 理科教師をバックアップ!授業の質を高め、準備を効率化するための選りすぐりの教材を紹介しています。
  • Youtube…科学実験等の動画を配信しています。
  • 科学ラジオ …科学トピックをほぼ毎日配信中!AI技術を駆使して作成した「耳で楽しむ科学」をお届けします。
  • 講演 …全国各地で実験講習会・サイエンスショー等を行っています。
  • About …「科学のネタ帳」のコンセプトや、運営者である桑子研のプロフィール・想いをまとめています。
  • お問い合わせ …実験教室のご依頼、執筆・講演の相談、科学監修等はこちらのフォームからお寄せください。