{"id":55308,"date":"2025-11-02T06:33:58","date_gmt":"2025-11-01T21:33:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?p=55308"},"modified":"2025-11-02T06:33:58","modified_gmt":"2025-11-01T21:33:58","slug":"electric-currents-true-identity-a-visual-guide-to-cathode-rays-a-must-see-crookes-tube-experiment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?p=55308&lang=en","title":{"rendered":"Electric Current&#8217;s True Identity: A Visual Guide to Cathode Rays (A Must-See Crookes Tube Experiment!)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #339966;\">I&#8217;m Ken Kuwako, a Science Trainer. Every day is an experiment.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Which Way Does Current Flow? Chasing Electron Beams with a Crookes Tube!<\/p>\n<p>The topic of &#8220;current direction&#8221; taught in middle school science is surprisingly deep and fascinating once you start talking about it. Your textbook says that &#8220;electric current flows from the positive (+) terminal to the negative (-) terminal&#8221;\u2014but can you believe that? This time, I&#8217;ll introduce an experiment that lets you see those &#8220;invisible electrons&#8221; with your own eyes: the Crookes Tube (Vacuum Discharge Tube) experiment. Using a Crookes tube, you can visually confirm what happens when a high voltage is applied across a near-vacuum space. This is a highly impactful demonstration, serving as a perfect introduction to understanding the structure of matter and the true nature of electric current.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u3010What You&#8217;ll Need\u3011<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u2022 A Crookes Tube (the kind with a Maltese cross-shaped obstacle) \u2022 A High-Voltage Power Supply (ideally around 10kV)<\/p>\n<p>* For safety, this experiment must always be conducted under the direct supervision of a teacher.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u30af\u30eb\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u7ba1\u306b\u6620\u308b\u5341\u5b57\u306e\u6a21\u69d8\u3068\u96fb\u6c17\u306e\u6b63\u4f53\uff08\u305d\u306e\uff13\uff09\" width=\"1140\" height=\"641\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/jZ0EBVwLQfg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>In this setup, yellow is the negative (-) terminal, and red is the positive (+) terminal. Notice how the cross-shaped shadow appears.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-44969 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ffb0709d96f597c52096655ee27b7843.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"606\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ffb0709d96f597c52096655ee27b7843.png 1280w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ffb0709d96f597c52096655ee27b7843-300x159.png 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ffb0709d96f597c52096655ee27b7843-1024x542.png 1024w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ffb0709d96f597c52096655ee27b7843-768x406.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 606px) 100vw, 606px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>It&#8217;s clearly visible when viewed from the front.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-44968 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/9a762da822e727e1e54a20df024eb2e5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"591\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/9a762da822e727e1e54a20df024eb2e5.png 1280w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/9a762da822e727e1e54a20df024eb2e5-300x162.png 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/9a762da822e727e1e54a20df024eb2e5-1024x554.png 1024w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/9a762da822e727e1e54a20df024eb2e5-768x416.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 591px) 100vw, 591px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>When the terminals are connected in reverse, the cross pattern is not clearly visible.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-44967 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/e7383dc7c876f090fa50a9ac4c766054.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"578\" height=\"379\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/e7383dc7c876f090fa50a9ac4c766054.png 1280w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/e7383dc7c876f090fa50a9ac4c766054-300x196.png 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/e7383dc7c876f090fa50a9ac4c766054-1024x670.png 1024w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/e7383dc7c876f090fa50a9ac4c766054-768x503.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 578px) 100vw, 578px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The way the shadow is cast confirms that the electron beam travels straight from the negative (-) terminal (yellow) toward the positive (+) terminal (red). The crisp shadow is formed because the electrons, flying in a straight line, are blocked by the cross. When connected in reverse, no shadow is formed because no electrons are being emitted.<\/p>\n<p>From this result, we can observe and understand that electrons, the true identity of electric current, are emitted from the negative terminal.<\/p>\n<p>Regarding the direction of electric current, Benjamin Franklin decided around 1750 that it flowed from plus (+) to minus (-). However, the true identity of the current was unknown at the time. About a century later, in 1869, the scientist Hittorf pointed out that some kind of beam was being emitted from the negative terminal. What was learned at that time was that the particles responsible for the electric current flow from the negative terminal to the positive terminal. (Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E7%AE%A1\">Wikipedia<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>Here are some notes for instructors.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">There are precautions to be aware of when demonstrating with a Crookes tube. Please <a href=\"https:\/\/housyasen-fukyu.com\/academic\/report\/report3\/\">read this thoroughly<\/a> and be extra careful when performing the demonstration in front of students. To minimize X-ray generation, the following points are especially important:<\/p>\n<blockquote style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Set the discharge output of the induction coil to the minimum level required to observe the electron beam. Maintain as much distance as possible. The distance from students should be 1 meter or more. Limit the demonstration time to about 10 minutes per year.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">I personally conclude the observation after about three minutes. I also film a video to show them later.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Furthermore, since an induction coil is used, instructors may get an electric shock while explaining the experiment. I was once shocked, and the jolt was powerful enough to knock me over. Extreme care must be taken during operation.<\/p>\n<p>We generated a cathode ray (electron beam) in a vacuum discharge tube with electrodes and applied an electric field vertically. Which way does it deflect? The direction of deflection reveals the type of electric charge the cathode ray carries.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-44982 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/4b2323640003d7d2112e9b826d509925.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"472\" height=\"474\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/4b2323640003d7d2112e9b826d509925.png 1198w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/4b2323640003d7d2112e9b826d509925-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/4b2323640003d7d2112e9b826d509925-1019x1024.png 1019w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/4b2323640003d7d2112e9b826d509925-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/4b2323640003d7d2112e9b826d509925-768x772.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 472px) 100vw, 472px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u9670\u6975\u7dda\u306b\u96fb\u5834\u3092\u304b\u3051\u308b\u3068\u3069\u3046\u306a\u308b\uff1f\uff08\u305d\u306e\uff14\uff09\" width=\"1140\" height=\"641\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/jyQG1uza4Xs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-37222 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/126ddf48937ea05610cd2d9df7bb39af.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"677\" height=\"379\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/126ddf48937ea05610cd2d9df7bb39af.jpg 1082w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/126ddf48937ea05610cd2d9df7bb39af-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/126ddf48937ea05610cd2d9df7bb39af-1024x574.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/126ddf48937ea05610cd2d9df7bb39af-768x430.jpg 768w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/126ddf48937ea05610cd2d9df7bb39af-320x180.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 677px) 100vw, 677px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-37223 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/ca87f825ebd6f9d042accdff3fdb9dae.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"709\" height=\"268\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/ca87f825ebd6f9d042accdff3fdb9dae.jpg 1844w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/ca87f825ebd6f9d042accdff3fdb9dae-300x114.jpg 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/ca87f825ebd6f9d042accdff3fdb9dae-1024x388.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/ca87f825ebd6f9d042accdff3fdb9dae-768x291.jpg 768w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/ca87f825ebd6f9d042accdff3fdb9dae-1536x581.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 100vw, 709px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>When no electric field is applied, the beam travels straight.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-37221 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/db751800794cd9ecbc3454d7a466cd81.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"703\" height=\"390\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/db751800794cd9ecbc3454d7a466cd81.jpg 1884w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/db751800794cd9ecbc3454d7a466cd81-300x166.jpg 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/db751800794cd9ecbc3454d7a466cd81-1024x567.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/db751800794cd9ecbc3454d7a466cd81-768x426.jpg 768w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/db751800794cd9ecbc3454d7a466cd81-1536x851.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 703px) 100vw, 703px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>When the electric field has the positive (+) terminal on top and the negative (-) terminal on the bottom, the electron beam deflects upwards.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-37224 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2de2e6590f02294ee64b9d08e41af57f.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"736\" height=\"355\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2de2e6590f02294ee64b9d08e41af57f.jpg 1662w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2de2e6590f02294ee64b9d08e41af57f-300x145.jpg 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2de2e6590f02294ee64b9d08e41af57f-1024x494.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2de2e6590f02294ee64b9d08e41af57f-768x371.jpg 768w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2de2e6590f02294ee64b9d08e41af57f-1536x741.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 736px) 100vw, 736px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Conversely, when the electric field has the positive (+) terminal on the bottom and the negative (-) terminal on top, the electron beam deflects downwards.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-37225 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/dc79054c821dea43fb4c452718134c89.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"745\" height=\"332\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/dc79054c821dea43fb4c452718134c89.jpg 1592w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/dc79054c821dea43fb4c452718134c89-300x134.jpg 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/dc79054c821dea43fb4c452718134c89-1024x457.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/dc79054c821dea43fb4c452718134c89-768x343.jpg 768w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/dc79054c821dea43fb4c452718134c89-1536x685.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 745px) 100vw, 745px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The connection method is shown here:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-37789\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/09e84227672418ae41c69af0d89f2d42.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"221\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/09e84227672418ae41c69af0d89f2d42.jpg 898w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/09e84227672418ae41c69af0d89f2d42-300x166.jpg 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/09e84227672418ae41c69af0d89f2d42-768x424.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-37790\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/04c05dc5c3e883a9145e9db173362b8b.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"556\" height=\"475\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/04c05dc5c3e883a9145e9db173362b8b.jpg 1116w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/04c05dc5c3e883a9145e9db173362b8b-300x256.jpg 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/04c05dc5c3e883a9145e9db173362b8b-1024x875.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/04c05dc5c3e883a9145e9db173362b8b-768x657.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 556px) 100vw, 556px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The same mechanism for controlling the movement of electrons is used in Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) televisions. Here&#8217;s a look at what happens when a magnet is brought close to an old TV\u2014check it out!<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u30d6\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\u7ba1\u30c6\u30ec\u30d3\u306b\u78c1\u77f3\u3092\u8fd1\u3065\u3051\u3066\u307f\u305f\uff01\uff08\u96fb\u5b50\u9283\u3068\u96fb\u5b50\u306e\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\" width=\"1140\" height=\"641\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cxHbwwjBl3Y?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s how the electron beam (cathode ray) behaves when a magnet is brought near. Use your left hand to check if the direction of deflection is consistent with the Lorentz force!<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u9670\u6975\u7dda\u306b\u78c1\u77f3\u3092\u8fd1\u3065\u3051\u308b\u3068\u3069\u3046\u308b\uff1f\uff08\u305d\u306e\uff15\uff09\" width=\"1140\" height=\"641\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/jwtuT_MNXwM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>A beam is emitted from the cathode. The fact that a shadow is formed when the beam hits a target confirms that particles are being emitted from the cathode.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-37172 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/0135dd01917c4538fb9147e63300f74e.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"691\" height=\"386\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/0135dd01917c4538fb9147e63300f74e.jpg 1540w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/0135dd01917c4538fb9147e63300f74e-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/0135dd01917c4538fb9147e63300f74e-1024x572.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/0135dd01917c4538fb9147e63300f74e-768x429.jpg 768w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/0135dd01917c4538fb9147e63300f74e-1536x858.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/0135dd01917c4538fb9147e63300f74e-320x180.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 691px) 100vw, 691px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>When the south (S) pole is brought near, the beam deflects downwards.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-37173 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/bd024ba862531ad40a09b0f9cb3bc11e.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"703\" height=\"394\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/bd024ba862531ad40a09b0f9cb3bc11e.jpg 1532w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/bd024ba862531ad40a09b0f9cb3bc11e-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/bd024ba862531ad40a09b0f9cb3bc11e-1024x575.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/bd024ba862531ad40a09b0f9cb3bc11e-768x431.jpg 768w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/bd024ba862531ad40a09b0f9cb3bc11e-320x180.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 703px) 100vw, 703px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Try matching the direction of your hand with Fleming&#8217;s Left-Hand Rule!<\/p>\n<p>Please also check out this article:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"GN7xhmwQ03\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?p=44972\">\u653e\u96fb\u7ba1\u306b\u96fb\u5727\u3092\u304b\u3051\u304c\u306a\u3089\u6e1b\u5727\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3068\u5149\u308b\u771f\u7a7a\u653e\u96fb\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\uff08\u706b\u82b1\u653e\u96fb\u3068\u771f\u7a7a\u653e\u96fb\uff09<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;\u653e\u96fb\u7ba1\u306b\u96fb\u5727\u3092\u304b\u3051\u304c\u306a\u3089\u6e1b\u5727\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3068\u5149\u308b\u771f\u7a7a\u653e\u96fb\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\uff08\u706b\u82b1\u653e\u96fb\u3068\u771f\u7a7a\u653e\u96fb\uff09&#8221; &#8212; \u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u30cd\u30bf\u5e33\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?p=44972&#038;embed=true#?secret=74OGVprKXX#?secret=GN7xhmwQ03\" data-secret=\"GN7xhmwQ03\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>These sites are also highly recommended:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-44984 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cef4664920dc1119804e0a4c5025a3ed.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"406\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cef4664920dc1119804e0a4c5025a3ed.png 1260w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cef4664920dc1119804e0a4c5025a3ed-300x222.png 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cef4664920dc1119804e0a4c5025a3ed-1024x759.png 1024w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cef4664920dc1119804e0a4c5025a3ed-768x569.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 406px) 100vw, 406px\" \/><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"Iy8V2qXNx2\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/javalab.org\/ja\/crt_ja\/\">\u9670\u6975\u7dda\u7ba1<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;\u9670\u6975\u7dda\u7ba1&#8221; &#8212; Javalab\" src=\"https:\/\/javalab.org\/ja\/crt_ja\/embed\/#?secret=mfC2OJhczD#?secret=Iy8V2qXNx2\" data-secret=\"Iy8V2qXNx2\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-44985 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/d85613c845304856dcb7c9ce13cb6d2f.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"432\" height=\"483\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/d85613c845304856dcb7c9ce13cb6d2f.jpg 1002w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/d85613c845304856dcb7c9ce13cb6d2f-268x300.jpg 268w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/d85613c845304856dcb7c9ce13cb6d2f-916x1024.jpg 916w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/d85613c845304856dcb7c9ce13cb6d2f-768x858.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 432px) 100vw, 432px\" \/><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"ELO2ORPpJg\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/javalab.org\/ja\/dc_and_ac_ja\/\">\u76f4\u6d41\u3068\u4ea4\u6d41<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;\u76f4\u6d41\u3068\u4ea4\u6d41&#8221; &#8212; Javalab\" src=\"https:\/\/javalab.org\/ja\/dc_and_ac_ja\/embed\/#?secret=PABi60oMeu#?secret=ELO2ORPpJg\" data-secret=\"ELO2ORPpJg\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>For the following topic of radiation, this video is recommended:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"DI0jYpNuhn\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?p=38200\">\u653e\u5c04\u7dda\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u6620\u50cf\u6559\u6750\u300cR\u306e\u6b63\u4f53\u300d\u306e\u52d5\u753b\u304c\u304a\u3059\u3059\u3081\uff01\uff08\u4e2d\u5b66\u7406\u79d1\uff09<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;\u653e\u5c04\u7dda\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u6620\u50cf\u6559\u6750\u300cR\u306e\u6b63\u4f53\u300d\u306e\u52d5\u753b\u304c\u304a\u3059\u3059\u3081\uff01\uff08\u4e2d\u5b66\u7406\u79d1\uff09&#8221; &#8212; \u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u30cd\u30bf\u5e33\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?p=38200&#038;embed=true#?secret=Jy5n60P4RY#?secret=DI0jYpNuhn\" data-secret=\"DI0jYpNuhn\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div class=\"g-ytsubscribe\" data-channelid=\"UCBoF1yPvFnXnSJ_Xe5AmXcw\" data-layout=\"full\" data-count=\"default\">\n<h3>Amazing Experiments with a Static Electricity Generator (Van de Graaff)!<\/h3>\n<p>We also share exciting experiments using a Van de Graaff generator. This includes experiments we&#8217;ve conducted on TV programs with celebrities like Suzu Hirose, Ryohei Suzuki, Yasuko, and Chocolate Planet&#8217;s Osada and Matsuo. <a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?p=34632\">Click here for more details<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-44403 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/81e3d18f4fe9c4a1576a8fc1ce7bc74d.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/81e3d18f4fe9c4a1576a8fc1ce7bc74d-300x166.jpg 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/81e3d18f4fe9c4a1576a8fc1ce7bc74d-1024x568.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/81e3d18f4fe9c4a1576a8fc1ce7bc74d-768x426.jpg 768w\" alt=\"\" width=\"257\" height=\"143\" \/><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" title=\"\u201c\u96fb\u6c17\u8cde\u72b6\uff01\u6cb8\u9a30\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\uff11\uff10\u3067\u5e83\u702c\u3059\u305a\u3055\u3093\u304c\u4f53\u9a13\u3057\u305f\u9759\u96fb\u6c17\u5b9f\u9a13\u6388\u696d\u3010\u307e\u3068\u3081\u3011\u201d \u2014 \u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u30cd\u30bf\u5e33\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?p=34632&amp;embed=true#?secret=5FZ5KoqHpj#?secret=JlaHY6Eh81\" width=\"600\" height=\"209\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" data-secret=\"JlaHY6Eh81\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>* IMPORTANT NOTE: Experiments using a static electricity generator (Van de Graaff) must always be conducted in the presence of a specialist. Please proceed with caution. For inquiries regarding static electricity experiments (workshops, TV supervision\/appearances, etc.), please <a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?page_id=188\">contact us here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u3010Feature\u3011<a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?p=34487\">You Can&#8217;t Stop! Awesome Static Electricity Experiments<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Contact &amp; Collaboration<\/h3>\n<p>We make the wonders and fun of science more accessible! We&#8217;ve put together easy-to-understand guides on fun science experiments you can do at home and tips for success. Feel free to search around! \u2022 The content of &#8220;Science Note&#8221; has been turned into a book. <a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/42PMCEL\">Click here for details<\/a>. \u2022 For information about the operator, Ken Kuwako, <a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?page_id=37\">click here<\/a>. \u2022 For various requests (writing, lectures, workshops, TV supervision\/appearances, etc.), <a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?page_id=188\">click here<\/a>. <span class=\"s2\">\u2022 Article updates are <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/kuwako\">distributed on X<\/a>!<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/kkuwako\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-35048\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/3d9640dad7bc5538e76f92da1966ee19.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"30\" height=\"21\" \/><\/a>Experiment videos are being delivered on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/kkuwako?sub_confirmation=1\">Kagaku no Neta Channel<\/a>!<\/p>\n<h3>\uff15\u6708\u306e\u30a4\u30c1\u30aa\u30b7\u5b9f\u9a13\uff01<\/h3>\r\n<p>\u30ad\u30fc\u30f3\u3068\u51b7\u3048\u308b\u30c9\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30a4\u30b9\uff01\u6c17\u6e29\u304c\u4e0a\u304c\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308b\u3053\u306e\u6642\u671f\u30fb\u30c9\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30a4\u30b9\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u6607\u83ef\u30fb\u51dd\u7d50\u30fb\u7b49\u901f\u5ea6\u76f4\u7dda\u904b\u52d5\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u306f\u3044\u304b\u304c\uff1f<\/p>\r\n<p><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-39516 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/0618612becc032a60bdda50090ccccbe.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/0618612becc032a60bdda50090ccccbe.jpg 1406w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/0618612becc032a60bdda50090ccccbe-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/0618612becc032a60bdda50090ccccbe-1024x572.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/0618612becc032a60bdda50090ccccbe-768x429.jpg 768w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/0618612becc032a60bdda50090ccccbe-320x180.jpg 320w\" alt=\"\" width=\"453\" height=\"253\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?p=39513\">\u6db2\u4f53\u30bc\u30ed\uff01\u30c9\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30a4\u30b9\u304c\u6d88\u3048\u308b\u307e\u3067\u306e\uff13\u6642\u9593\u3092\u79d1\u5b66\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6607\u83ef\u30fb\u51dd\u7d50\u30fb\u7b49\u901f\u5ea6\u76f4\u7dda\u904b\u52d5\uff09<\/a><\/p>\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b><strong>\u30c6\u30ec\u30d3\u756a\u7d44\u76e3\u4fee\u30fb\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u7b49\u306e\u304a\u77e5\u3089\u305b<\/strong><\/b><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>4\u670830\u65e5\uff08\u6728\uff09\u300cTHE\u7a81\u7834\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u300d\uff08\u65e5\u672c\u30c6\u30ec\u30d3\uff09\u306e<a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?p=62906\">\u79d1\u5b66\u76e3\u4fee\u3092\u62c5\u5f53\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/a>\u3002<\/li>\r\n<li>5\u67088\u65e5\uff08\u91d1\uff09<a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?p=62629\">\u7406\u79d1\u6559\u80b2\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30b9<\/a>\u3092\u62c5\u5f53\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/li>\r\n<li>6\u670814\u65e5\uff08\u65e5\uff09\u3000\u5343\u8449\u5927\u5b66\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30bf\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u300c\u63a2\u7a76\u300d\u306b\u3066\u8b1b\u5e2b\u3092\u52d9\u3081\u307e\u3059<\/li>\r\n<li>6\u670826\u65e5\uff08\u91d1\uff09\u3000\u5343\u8449\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u516c\u958b\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\uff08\u4e2d\u5b66\u7406\u79d1\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u6388\u696d\u516c\u958b\u4e88\u5b9a\uff09<\/li>\r\n<li>7\u670818\u65e5\uff08\u571f\uff09\u3000<a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?p=60018\">\u6559\u54e1\u5411\u3051\u5b9f\u9a13\u8b1b\u7fd2\u4f1a\u300c\u30ca\u30ea\u30ab\u30ab\u30b5\u30a4\u30a8\u30f3\u30b9\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30fc\u300d\u306e\u8b1b\u5e2b\u3092\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/a>\u3002\u304a\u4f1a\u3044\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><b>\u66f8\u7c4d<strong>\u306e\u304a\u77e5\u3089\u305b<\/strong><\/b><\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u300e\u5927\u4eba\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u9ad8\u6821\u7269\u7406\u5fa9\u7fd2\u5e33\u300f\uff08\u8b1b\u8ac7\u793e\uff09\u2026\u4e00\u822c\u5411\u3051\u306b\u65e5\u5e38\u306e\u7269\u7406\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u516c\u5f0f\u3092\u5143\u306b\u7d10\u89e3\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?p=1827\">\u7279\u8a2d\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8<\/a>\u3067\u306f\u5b9f\u9a13\u3092\u591a\u6570\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<strong>\u203b\u5897\u5237\u304c\u304b\u304b\u308a\uff16\u5237\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff082026\/02\/01\uff09<br \/><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-10940 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/0811159a99f69eeff1a357e3daed84e0-300x262.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 220px) 100vw, 220px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/0811159a99f69eeff1a357e3daed84e0-300x262.jpg 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/0811159a99f69eeff1a357e3daed84e0.jpg 311w\" alt=\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8 2014-07-05 0.43.51\" width=\"220\" height=\"192\" \/><br \/><\/strong><\/li>\r\n<li>\u300e\u304d\u3081\u308b!\u5171\u901a\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8 \u7269\u7406\u57fa\u790e \u6539\u8a02\u7248\u300f\uff08\u5b66\u7814\uff09\u2026\u3000\u9ad8\u6821\u7269\u7406\u306e\u53c2\u8003\u66f8\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30a4\u30e9\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u591a\u304f\u3057\u3066\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u304c\u6301\u3066\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u63cf\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6388\u696d\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044\u3001\u7269\u7406\u304c\u82e6\u624b\u3001\u305d\u3093\u306a\u751f\u5f92\u306b\u304a\u3059\u3059\u3081\u3067\u3059\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?p=45322\">\u7279\u8a2d\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8<\/a>\u306f\u3053\u3061\u3089\u3002<br \/><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-45718 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/dc1da64a8c8d1422062b4867c0607a1c.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 184px) 100vw, 184px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/dc1da64a8c8d1422062b4867c0607a1c.jpg 756w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/dc1da64a8c8d1422062b4867c0607a1c-300x269.jpg 300w\" alt=\"\" width=\"184\" height=\"165\" \/><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"text-align: center;\">\u5404\u7a2eSNS\uff08\u66f4\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u304a\u5c4a\u3051\uff01\uff09<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a style=\"text-align: center;\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/kuwako\">X(Twitter)<\/a><span style=\"text-align: center;\">\uff0f<\/span><a style=\"text-align: center;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/science_seeds\/\">instagram<\/a><span style=\"text-align: center;\">\uff0f<\/span><a style=\"text-align: center;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/kuwakolab\/\">Facebook<\/a>\uff08\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\uff09<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a style=\"text-align: center;\" href=\"https:\/\/bsky.app\/profile\/kagakunoneta.bsky.social\">BlueSky<\/a><span style=\"text-align: center;\">\uff0f<\/span><a style=\"text-align: center;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.threads.net\/@science_seeds?hl=ja\">Threads<\/a>\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\uff09<\/p>\r\n<h3 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href=\"http:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?page_id=37\">About<\/a>\u00a0\u2026\u300c\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u30cd\u30bf\u5e33\u300d\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30bb\u30d7\u30c8\u3084\u3001\u904b\u55b6\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u6851\u5b50\u7814\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30fb\u60f3\u3044\u3092\u307e\u3068\u3081\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?page_id=188\">\u304a\u554f\u3044\u5408\u308f\u305b<\/a> \u2026\u5b9f\u9a13\u6559\u5ba4\u306e\u3054\u4f9d\u983c\u3001\u57f7\u7b46\u30fb\u8b1b\u6f14\u306e\u76f8\u8ac7\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u76e3\u4fee\u7b49\u306f\u3053\u3061\u3089\u306e\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30e0\u304b\u3089\u304a\u5bc4\u305b\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I&#8217;m Ken Kuwako, a Science Trainer. Every day is an experiment. Which Way Does Current Flow? Chasing Elec [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":44968,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","sns_share_botton_hide":"","vkExUnit_sns_title":"","vkexunit_cta_each_option":"","_lightning_design_setting":{"layout":"default"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[781],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55308","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science-en"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/9a762da822e727e1e54a20df024eb2e5.png","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":51808,"url":"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?p=51808&lang=en","url_meta":{"origin":55308,"position":0},"title":"Achieve success on time! The secrets to the saliva and starch reaction experiment.","author":"\u6851\u5b50 \u7814","date":"2025\u5e749\u67089\u65e5","format":false,"excerpt":"I'm Ken Kuwako, your science trainer. Every day is\u2026","rel":"","context":"Science","block_context":{"text":"Science","link":"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?cat=781&lang=en"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/30b615a56536d3b52f22caf7fad28423.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/30b615a56536d3b52f22caf7fad28423.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/30b615a56536d3b52f22caf7fad28423.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/30b615a56536d3b52f22caf7fad28423.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":54239,"url":"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?p=54239&lang=en","url_meta":{"origin":55308,"position":1},"title":"From Red Wine to Blue Flame: The Science of Distillation and How to Do It Safely","author":"\u6851\u5b50 \u7814","date":"2025\u5e7410\u670812\u65e5","format":false,"excerpt":"I'm Ken Kuwako, your Science Trainer. Every day is\u2026","rel":"","context":"Science","block_context":{"text":"Science","link":"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?cat=781&lang=en"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/34bbe0be9900ff312ec7eca88aaeff7b.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/34bbe0be9900ff312ec7eca88aaeff7b.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/34bbe0be9900ff312ec7eca88aaeff7b.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/34bbe0be9900ff312ec7eca88aaeff7b.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/34bbe0be9900ff312ec7eca88aaeff7b.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/34bbe0be9900ff312ec7eca88aaeff7b.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":51648,"url":"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?p=51648&lang=en","url_meta":{"origin":55308,"position":2},"title":"Mixing Is the Secret! 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Every day i\u2026","rel":"","context":"Science","block_context":{"text":"Science","link":"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?cat=781&lang=en"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/42cb60867a2e15f9668b1870690e1282.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/42cb60867a2e15f9668b1870690e1282.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/42cb60867a2e15f9668b1870690e1282.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/42cb60867a2e15f9668b1870690e1282.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":53458,"url":"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?p=53458&lang=en","url_meta":{"origin":55308,"position":3},"title":"Make Your Own Earth Cake: The Fun, Hands-On Strata Experiment!","author":"\u6851\u5b50 \u7814","date":"2025\u5e749\u670830\u65e5","format":false,"excerpt":"I'm Ken Kuwako, your Science Trainer. 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Every Day is\u2026","rel":"","context":"Science","block_context":{"text":"Science","link":"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?cat=781&lang=en"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/607ead9ec2ef3a493216fb98e6be5d2b.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/607ead9ec2ef3a493216fb98e6be5d2b.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/607ead9ec2ef3a493216fb98e6be5d2b.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":55118,"url":"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?p=55118&lang=en","url_meta":{"origin":55308,"position":5},"title":"No Power Needed! How Static Electricity Turns into Light \u2013 The Shocking Secrets of Fluorescent Lamps","author":"\u6851\u5b50 \u7814","date":"2025\u5e7410\u670829\u65e5","format":false,"excerpt":"Hello! I'm Ken Kuwako, your Science Trainer. 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