{"id":50858,"date":"2025-08-16T09:53:46","date_gmt":"2025-08-16T00:53:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?p=50858"},"modified":"2025-08-21T20:46:17","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T11:46:17","slug":"guaranteed-to-delight-easy-guide-to-making-and-launching-a-small-plastic-bottle-rocket","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?p=50858&lang=en","title":{"rendered":"Guaranteed to Delight! Easy Guide to Making and Launching a Small Watter Rocket"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-48836 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/2bdbd1ee738f092c14f98126d73cfd1f.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 247px) 100vw, 247px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/2bdbd1ee738f092c14f98126d73cfd1f.jpg 832w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/2bdbd1ee738f092c14f98126d73cfd1f-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/2bdbd1ee738f092c14f98126d73cfd1f-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/2bdbd1ee738f092c14f98126d73cfd1f-768x764.jpg 768w\" alt=\"\u30da\u30c3\u30c8\u30dc\u30c8\u30eb\u30ed\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u98db\u3070\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u69d8\u5b50\" width=\"247\" height=\"246\" \/><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/music.youtube.com\/watch?v=5XP_Nq--S4Q&amp;si=oxSdHxoqq9NxkWiS\">This article is also available as a podcast!<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/5aQ6NbRHvnU\">Watch the video explanation with slides.<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><strong>A watter rocket<\/strong> ( a small plastic bottle rocket ) is a perfect hands-on project for summer vacation science experiments\u2014and one I highly recommend trying at least once. You can discover all sorts of fascinating things, like how changing the amount of water affects the flight distance, or how a little cloud forms inside the rocket after launch. These rockets are also known as \u201cwater rockets\u201d and work by shooting water out the back, making them an eco-friendly and safe way to explore rocketry. You can often find them sold as kits (for example, on Amazon or Rakuten\u2014I own one myself). But today, I\u2019ll show you how to make your very own plastic bottle rocket from scratch, no kit required!<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41259 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/6863ec212f837d926ffd52cf9bdbfabf.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"289\" height=\"207\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/6863ec212f837d926ffd52cf9bdbfabf.jpg 1446w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/6863ec212f837d926ffd52cf9bdbfabf-300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/6863ec212f837d926ffd52cf9bdbfabf-1024x734.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/6863ec212f837d926ffd52cf9bdbfabf-768x550.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 289px) 100vw, 289px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Compact, inexpensive, easy to make\u2014and packed with power! This 500ml plastic bottle rocket was designed for elementary, middle, and high school students. It\u2019s completely safe, yet capable of flying impressive distances. You\u2019re guaranteed to be amazed\u2014experience the thrill of science in action!<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">This small rocket is made using two 500ml plastic bottles. Thanks to its compact size, it\u2019s easy to carry and store once it\u2019s built. Compared to the larger 1.5-liter version, it\u2019s lighter and more manageable, making it perfect for younger builders.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">You might be thinking, <i>\u201cBut if it\u2019s small, won\u2019t it fly less?\u201d<\/i> Surprisingly, it soars farther than you\u2019d expect! With a good launch, it can fly over 20 meters\u2014and sometimes even more than 30 meters! In my classes, I see students every year who manage to beat the 30-meter mark. At these distances, you get to enjoy all the fun of both building and launching, without the hassle of transporting a large rocket. It\u2019s an ideal range for flying in a park or schoolyard.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">I\u2019ve even included a video showing the rocket in action\u2014check it out!<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u6c34\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\uff01\u5c0f\u578b\u30da\u30c3\u30c8\u30dc\u30c8\u30eb\u30ed\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u767a\u5c04\u306e\u77ac\u9593\" width=\"1140\" height=\"641\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6AaWX5XF4Rs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-24792 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/4c6f02022ef22177e9d7373d6fd84bb6.jpg\" alt=\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8 2016-04-21 5.02.29\" width=\"354\" height=\"432\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/4c6f02022ef22177e9d7373d6fd84bb6.jpg 354w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/4c6f02022ef22177e9d7373d6fd84bb6-246x300.jpg 246w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 354px) 100vw, 354px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">See that red arrow? That\u2019s where the rocket is!<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-24793 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/c3e31d3dbe97c650b66470c6b6d293b3.jpg\" alt=\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8 2016-04-21 5.02.42\" width=\"356\" height=\"432\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/c3e31d3dbe97c650b66470c6b6d293b3.jpg 356w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/c3e31d3dbe97c650b66470c6b6d293b3-247x300.jpg 247w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 356px) 100vw, 356px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Before we get started, here\u2019s something to note: the larger 1.5L <span class=\"s1\"><b>plastic bottle rocket kit<\/b><\/span> (shown below) can easily fly over 30 meters if launched well. But it\u2019s bulky, tricky to carry home, and needs a big open space to be safe\u2014so it\u2019s not exactly convenient for everyday fun. That\u2019s why I recommend the <span class=\"s1\"><b>compact version<\/b><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">A plastic bottle rocket isn\u2019t just fun\u2014it\u2019s a fantastic science learning tool! You can explore concepts like <span class=\"s1\"><b>conservation of momentum<\/b><\/span>, <span class=\"s1\"><b>Newton\u2019s third law<\/b><\/span>, <span class=\"s1\"><b>adiabatic changes<\/b><\/span>, and even <span class=\"s1\"><b>cloud formation<\/b><\/span>. Kids, teens, and adults alike can enjoy it while deepening their love for science (I\u2019ve included a full explanation later in this post).<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">So\u2014let\u2019s get building!<\/p>\n<h2><b>Science Recipe: What You\u2019ll Need<\/b><\/h2>\n<h3><b>Rocket Body<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"s1\"><b>Two 500ml plastic bottles<\/b><\/span> (if making paper fins, you only need one bottle \u2013 details here)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">One bottle becomes the <span class=\"s1\"><b>water tank<\/b><\/span> for propulsion.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">The other becomes the <span class=\"s1\"><b>fins<\/b><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">For the tank, <i>only use bottles made for carbonated drinks<\/i>\u2014they\u2019re stronger and can handle pressure.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Tools &amp; Materials<\/b><\/span>: Vinyl tape, straws, cutter, scissors, double-sided tape, awl, board, pliers, size #6 or #7 rubber stopper (#6 is ideal),<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Needle nozzle for an air pump<\/b><\/span> (make sure it fits your pump)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>Safety goggles<\/b><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Launch Pad (One per class\/group is enough)<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">Wire hanger, air pump (preferably with a pressure gauge), chair<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Step 1: Cutting the Head &amp; Fins<\/b><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p3\">The whole build takes about 50 minutes. First, cut the bottle along the dotted lines in the diagram to make the <span class=\"s2\"><b>head cone (A)<\/b><\/span> and the <span class=\"s2\"><b>fin cylinder (B)<\/b><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">For safety:<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-22125 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/1a1b57954313aeb6e14415ed5ea6c89e-300x149.jpg\" alt=\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8 2015-07-29 22.54.05\" width=\"440\" height=\"219\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/1a1b57954313aeb6e14415ed5ea6c89e-300x149.jpg 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/1a1b57954313aeb6e14415ed5ea6c89e.jpg 547w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\" \/><\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">Hold the bottle with one hand, place the cutter blade vertically, and carefully press down to make a small starter hole.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-31153 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20110726135608-231x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"231\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20110726135608-231x300.png 231w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20110726135608.png 281w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 231px) 100vw, 231px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">Insert the scissors into the hole and cut around in a circle.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-31154 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20110726135609.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"147\" height=\"272\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">With this method, even elementary school students can help\u2014just make sure a parent or teacher supervises the cutter step.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-22127 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/f7da172ecf3134155a3375eb0ab6a8b2.jpg\" alt=\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8 2015-07-29 23.09.07\" width=\"230\" height=\"131\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><b>Step 2: Making the Fins<\/b><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p3\">If you look closely at the cylindrical piece of plastic labeled \u201cB,\u201d you\u2019ll see two faint lines running along it.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-31155 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20120721185614-300x220.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"220\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20120721185614-300x220.jpg 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20120721185614.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">First, fold along these lines with your hands to make a crease. Can you see them? They\u2019re faint, but in the real piece they\u2019re obvious\u2014so check your actual plastic part. After that, place the piece between two boards and press down firmly with your body weight.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/35927dd97a64a0d1cb0da2c0ea0897bc.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-22143 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/35927dd97a64a0d1cb0da2c0ea0897bc-300x73.png\" alt=\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8 2015-07-30 18.21.35\" width=\"547\" height=\"133\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/35927dd97a64a0d1cb0da2c0ea0897bc-300x73.png 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/35927dd97a64a0d1cb0da2c0ea0897bc.png 627w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 547px) 100vw, 547px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Once flattened, remove the plastic sheet and press the sides even more thoroughly. This takes some strength, so younger kids should ask an adult for help. You can press it down using a wooden block or similar tool.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-31157 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20110726135611-245x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"245\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20110726135611-245x300.png 245w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20110726135611.png 299w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 245px) 100vw, 245px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">You can also step on it to flatten it.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-31156 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20110726135612.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"224\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Next, place a ruler on the piece and cut it at the 10 cm mark from the top (Step 2).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/c04f7aa787804e6ec067a47c8409c1c5.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-22144 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/c04f7aa787804e6ec067a47c8409c1c5-300x106.png\" alt=\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8 2015-07-30 18.25.06\" width=\"509\" height=\"180\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/c04f7aa787804e6ec067a47c8409c1c5-300x106.png 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/c04f7aa787804e6ec067a47c8409c1c5.png 629w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 509px) 100vw, 509px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Then, measure and mark two points with a permanent marker\u20144 cm from the upper left and 4 cm from the lower right. Use a ruler to draw a diagonal line between these points (Step 3). Cut along this line with scissors (Step 4). Finally, open the fin, and at the folded edge, make a 1 cm cut from the bottom (Step 5). Fold this small tab back to create a gluing edge (Step 6).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/455f132a8fd868e4a47eea74996ca74d.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-22145 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/455f132a8fd868e4a47eea74996ca74d-300x149.png\" alt=\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8 2015-07-30 18.32.05\" width=\"449\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/455f132a8fd868e4a47eea74996ca74d-300x149.png 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/455f132a8fd868e4a47eea74996ca74d.png 477w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 449px) 100vw, 449px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Apply double-sided tape along the gluing edges and attach the fins firmly. To prevent cuts from the edges and give a cleaner look, wrap vinyl tape around the perimeter (Step 7).<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-22146 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/fdef613a542a74a78a9476c86f5a023f-300x182.png\" alt=\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8 2015-07-30 18.32.09\" width=\"274\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/fdef613a542a74a78a9476c86f5a023f-300x182.png 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/fdef613a542a74a78a9476c86f5a023f.png 307w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 274px) 100vw, 274px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p1\"><b>Step3. Attaching the Parts<\/b><b><\/b><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p3\">Take the unused bottle for the tank (the one you haven\u2019t modified) and attach the head piece (A) you cut earlier to the bottom end of the bottle. Secure it by wrapping vinyl tape all the way around.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/46cc86d43c88ecf69691f038629566fb.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-22147\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/46cc86d43c88ecf69691f038629566fb-300x158.png\" alt=\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8 2015-07-30 18.35.12\" width=\"433\" height=\"228\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/46cc86d43c88ecf69691f038629566fb-300x158.png 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/46cc86d43c88ecf69691f038629566fb.png 734w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 433px) 100vw, 433px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-31158 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20110726135615.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"145\" height=\"276\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Next, fasten the fin\u2019s folded gluing tabs to the tank with vinyl tape.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-31159 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20110726135616-237x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"237\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20110726135616-237x300.png 237w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20110726135616.png 262w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 237px) 100vw, 237px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Finally, attach a straw between the fins. This straw plays an important role\u2014it helps the rocket maintain a stable posture during launch.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-31160 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20110726135619-256x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"256\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20110726135619-256x300.png 256w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20110726135619.png 299w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 256px) 100vw, 256px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Once the straw is in place, your rocket is complete!<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p1\"><b>STEP4. Making the Air Intake<\/b><b><\/b><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p3\">Now we\u2019ll create the air intake\u2014the part that powers your plastic bottle rocket.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Using a gimlet (hand drill), make a hole in the center of a No. 6 or No. 7 rubber stopper. This requires some force, so elementary school students must have an adult help. Place the rubber stopper upright on a board, position the gimlet vertically, and carefully drill the hole. Since this step requires strength and involves sharp tools, be extra cautious!<\/p>\n<p>Once the hole is made, insert the inflation needle into it. This step also takes some strength. When the tip of the needle pokes out from the other side of the rubber stopper, you\u2019re good to go.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/fbc41b6673c3699855809a85ad170419.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-22150\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/fbc41b6673c3699855809a85ad170419-300x257.png\" alt=\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8 2015-07-30 18.39.25\" width=\"389\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/fbc41b6673c3699855809a85ad170419-300x257.png 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/fbc41b6673c3699855809a85ad170419.png 459w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 389px) 100vw, 389px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-31162 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20110726135607.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"218\" height=\"280\" \/><\/p>\n<h1 class=\"p1\"><b>Making the Launch Pad<\/b><b><\/b><\/h1>\n<p class=\"p3\">Next, let\u2019s build the launch pad. If you\u2019re making rockets in a school setting, you don\u2019t need one for each person\u2014having 1 to 3 pads is enough. For example, with a class of 40 students, three launch pads will allow everyone to take turns and enjoy launching.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-22151 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/d281c18b761ee2730f72838dd5365af8.png\" alt=\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8 2015-07-30 18.40.07\" width=\"252\" height=\"248\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-31163 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20110726135617.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"228\" height=\"263\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Cut a clothes hanger with pliers as shown in the diagram (this step takes strength!). You\u2019ll only need the black portion shown in the diagram\u2014discard the rest.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-22152 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/68d87b2ca10b88f67a1994472ec102e7.png\" alt=\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8 2015-07-30 18.40.10\" width=\"231\" height=\"218\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Attach the cut piece securely to a chair or similar stable object. Be aware that the ends of the hanger can be sharp. Adults should smooth them with a file or wrap them with vinyl tape for safety.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">When cutting the hanger with pliers, position the material at the jaws of the plier\u2019s cutting edge. Since it takes strength, younger students should ask an adult to help.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">If you\u2019re working in a science classroom, you can also fix the hanger piece to a lab stand. In the photo, the lower part shows the arm of such a stand.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41221 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/097233aa0359c9c28b08496e04dff29f.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"310\" height=\"488\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/097233aa0359c9c28b08496e04dff29f.jpg 908w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/097233aa0359c9c28b08496e04dff29f-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/097233aa0359c9c28b08496e04dff29f-651x1024.jpg 651w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/097233aa0359c9c28b08496e04dff29f-768x1208.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 310px) 100vw, 310px\" \/><\/p>\n<h1 class=\"p1\"><b>Let\u2019s Launch the Rocket!<\/b><b><\/b><\/h1>\n<p class=\"p3\">Pour a small amount of water into the tank and seal it with the rubber stopper. The amount of water you add is key! Try experimenting with different amounts to see how it affects the flight. Then, set the rocket onto the launch pad, threading the rocket\u2019s straw through the hanger on the pad.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/c9ae57b0037d0d65b403a2d3cdab47e5.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-22154\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/c9ae57b0037d0d65b403a2d3cdab47e5-300x155.png\" alt=\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8 2015-07-30 18.41.10\" width=\"465\" height=\"240\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/c9ae57b0037d0d65b403a2d3cdab47e5-300x155.png 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/c9ae57b0037d0d65b403a2d3cdab47e5.png 469w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 465px) 100vw, 465px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Once set, use a pump to fill the tank with air. As the pressure builds, the stopper will pop off and the rocket will blast into the air!<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-31164 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20110726135618-206x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"206\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20110726135618-206x300.png 206w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20110726135618.png 227w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 206px) 100vw, 206px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Set it up\u2026<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-31165 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20120721185622.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"235\" height=\"213\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Pump in the air\u2026 and launch!<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-31166 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20120721185617-1-300x286.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"286\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20120721185617-1-300x286.png 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20120721185617-1.png 302w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41331 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2492de296c833a71d0cf58745d6e7c1b.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"432\" height=\"611\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2492de296c833a71d0cf58745d6e7c1b.jpg 934w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2492de296c833a71d0cf58745d6e7c1b-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2492de296c833a71d0cf58745d6e7c1b-723x1024.jpg 723w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2492de296c833a71d0cf58745d6e7c1b-768x1087.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 432px) 100vw, 432px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">For extra distance, a teacher (or adult) can hold the stopper in place until the moment of launch\u2014this prevents the stopper from flying backward due to recoil, allowing more of the force to push the rocket forward. (It\u2019s also fun to ask students why this makes the rocket go farther!)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>Experiment<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">When launching your rocket, try varying the amount of water inside and measure how it changes the flight distance. What\u2019s the optimal amount? And what\u2019s the best launch angle?<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">If there\u2019s too little water, there won\u2019t be enough mass to push out, and the rocket won\u2019t go far. If there\u2019s too much water, some will remain inside at launch, and the rocket will again fall short.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">This makes a great science project. For high school students, you can even connect it to the concept of conservation of momentum, discussed later.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">As for launch angle, theory says 45\u00b0 should give the greatest range, but because of air resistance, the optimal angle might be a bit lower in practice. Try launching and see what happens.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">After launching, take a quick look inside the rocket\u2014you\u2019ll often see a small cloud form, making it appear white and misty. This is due to <i>adiabatic expansion<\/i>, which causes the air temperature inside the rocket to drop. Why does it cool down? That\u2019s another fascinating science question to explore.<\/p>\n<p>Be careful, it gets wet! You might be tempted to push the rubber stopper in tighter or pump more air into the bottle to make it fly farther. While this DIY bottle rocket is designed to have the stopper come off naturally, making it quite safe, some bottle rocket kits can be dangerous. This is because plastic bottles can have invisible cracks that may cause them to explode under high pressure. If you are using a kit-based rocket, always prioritize safety by wearing safety goggles during launch.<\/p>\n<p>You should also instruct people not to raise the internal pressure unnecessarily. Please launch the rocket at 4 atmospheres of pressure or less. For this purpose, be sure to use an air pump with a pressure gauge that shows the internal pressure.<\/p>\n<p>Additionally, please launch the rocket in a wide, open area where there are no people. While a collision is unlikely to cause a major injury, it is still dangerous.<\/p>\n<h3><b>Making Paper Fins Saves Time!<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">When doing this activity in a school class, a 50-minute lesson isn\u2019t always enough time using the standard method. So, here\u2019s a simpler way to make it faster: by using <\/span><span class=\"s2\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><b>cardstock to make the fins<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">, you can complete a rocket in just <\/span><span class=\"s2\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><b>30 minutes<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">. We use craft paper with pre-printed lines, which makes it easy for anyone to cut and assemble neatly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Since each rocket needs 2 fins, one sheet is enough for 4 rockets. That means 5 sheets can cover <span class=\"s2\"><b>rockets for 20 students<\/b><\/span>. The fin template looks like this:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/bb1678aa000d0e61a49c2129a2fb360c.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-22131 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/bb1678aa000d0e61a49c2129a2fb360c-274x300.png\" alt=\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8 2015-07-30 16.31.09\" width=\"274\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/bb1678aa000d0e61a49c2129a2fb360c-274x300.png 274w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/bb1678aa000d0e61a49c2129a2fb360c.png 342w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 274px) 100vw, 274px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/IMG_6241.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-22132 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/IMG_6241-300x201.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_6241\" width=\"300\" height=\"201\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/IMG_6241-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/IMG_6241-1024x685.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/IMG_6241.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/IMG_6243.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-22133 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/IMG_6243-300x201.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_6243\" width=\"300\" height=\"201\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/IMG_6243-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/IMG_6243-1024x685.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/IMG_6243.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41220 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/aad5da63a705a647c1d09c4829b1cbc5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"469\" height=\"286\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/aad5da63a705a647c1d09c4829b1cbc5.jpg 1120w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/aad5da63a705a647c1d09c4829b1cbc5-300x183.jpg 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/aad5da63a705a647c1d09c4829b1cbc5-1024x624.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/aad5da63a705a647c1d09c4829b1cbc5-768x468.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 469px) 100vw, 469px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41260 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/a7c8bcc93e7bdc7dedc9bd3f4c8e3f9a.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"410\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/a7c8bcc93e7bdc7dedc9bd3f4c8e3f9a.jpg 1428w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/a7c8bcc93e7bdc7dedc9bd3f4c8e3f9a-300x234.jpg 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/a7c8bcc93e7bdc7dedc9bd3f4c8e3f9a-1024x800.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/a7c8bcc93e7bdc7dedc9bd3f4c8e3f9a-768x600.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">This time, we used <span class=\"s1\"><b>two fins per rocket<\/b><\/span> to save time, but you could also use three or four\u2014either way, it\u2019s possible to make them quickly. For example, when 10 students from grades 7 to 9 participated, the crafting part was completed in <span class=\"s1\"><b>just 30 minutes<\/b><\/span>, and including the launch, the whole activity took about <span class=\"s1\"><b>an hour<\/b><\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3><b>Exploring Bottle Rockets: Conservation of Momentum<\/b><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p3\">Why do bottle rockets fly? Let\u2019s explore it using the <span class=\"s2\"><b>conservation of momentum<\/b><\/span>. Consider a bottle rocket of total mass <span class=\"s2\"><b>M<\/b><\/span> (including water) initially at rest. If it ejects water of mass <span class=\"s2\"><b>m<\/b><\/span> at a relative speed <span class=\"s2\"><b>-v<\/b><\/span> with respect to the rocket, as shown in the diagram:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-40721 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/d29206e4fd34cc7f31a433c8d5ce3072.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"449\" height=\"358\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/d29206e4fd34cc7f31a433c8d5ce3072.jpg 758w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/d29206e4fd34cc7f31a433c8d5ce3072-300x239.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 449px) 100vw, 449px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Let the rocket\u2019s velocity after ejection be <span class=\"s2\"><b>V\u2019<\/b><\/span>. From the conservation of momentum before and after launch, we get:<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-40722 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/73f09d3848196db599de0f0c232563b5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"207\" height=\"67\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/73f09d3848196db599de0f0c232563b5.jpg 616w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/73f09d3848196db599de0f0c232563b5-300x97.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 207px) 100vw, 207px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">To increase <span class=\"s2\"><b>V\u2019<\/b><\/span>, you can either increase the water mass <span class=\"s2\"><b>m<\/b><\/span> or the ejection speed <span class=\"s2\"><b>v<\/b><\/span>. If the bottle doesn\u2019t have enough water, too much air is ejected instead, reducing <span class=\"s2\"><b>m<\/b><\/span>, and the rocket fails to fly effectively.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">We tested this with students in our science club, varying the amount of water in the rocket. The results are shown here: if the water amount is too high, some remains in the rocket, and the flight distance decreases.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41414 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/8dbeffa0a1458ca3fd9aa2c771ff912f.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"384\" height=\"236\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/8dbeffa0a1458ca3fd9aa2c771ff912f.jpg 826w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/8dbeffa0a1458ca3fd9aa2c771ff912f-300x185.jpg 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/8dbeffa0a1458ca3fd9aa2c771ff912f-768x472.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 384px) 100vw, 384px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><i>(The launch angle was 45\u00b0, and each experiment was repeated three times to get the average values.)<\/i><i><\/i><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">We also experimented with different launch angles. Theoretically, 45\u00b0 gives the maximum distance without air resistance, but in practice, 60\u00b0 produced the best results. Since we tested in 15\u00b0 increments, the actual maximum likely lies between 45\u00b0 and 50\u00b0.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41415 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/dd00db72898b5045960630a7ad373575.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"393\" height=\"242\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/dd00db72898b5045960630a7ad373575.jpg 846w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/dd00db72898b5045960630a7ad373575-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/dd00db72898b5045960630a7ad373575-768x472.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 393px) 100vw, 393px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Finally, we examined the effect of the number of fins on flight.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41416 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/1b70fd3e15a216a131dbf0705d86c698.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"388\" height=\"238\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/1b70fd3e15a216a131dbf0705d86c698.jpg 824w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/1b70fd3e15a216a131dbf0705d86c698-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/1b70fd3e15a216a131dbf0705d86c698-768x472.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 388px) 100vw, 388px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Rockets with <span class=\"s2\"><b>four fins<\/b><\/span> flew the best. Observing the flights, rockets with four fins were the most <span class=\"s2\"><b>stable<\/b><\/span> in the air.<\/p>\n<h3><b>Things That Work Like a Bottle Rocket<\/b><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p3\">Let\u2019s look at some examples of machines and animals that operate on the same principle as a bottle rocket.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Jet engines on airplanes:<\/b><\/span> Air is taken in from the front of the engine, compressed to 30\u201340 times atmospheric pressure, mixed with fuel, and ignited. The resulting hot gases are expelled out the back at high speed, producing thrust.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Squid and octopuses:<\/b><\/span> These animals draw water into their mantle cavity and forcefully eject it through a funnel, propelling themselves forward.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-42526 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/8fa604c5335f5825fe6c352e7da33e19.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"258\" height=\"165\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/8fa604c5335f5825fe6c352e7da33e19.jpg 566w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/8fa604c5335f5825fe6c352e7da33e19-300x192.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 258px) 100vw, 258px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-42527 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/06e47c6950a07924bae387c86946eacc.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"265\" height=\"198\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/06e47c6950a07924bae387c86946eacc.jpg 564w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/06e47c6950a07924bae387c86946eacc-300x224.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 265px) 100vw, 265px\" \/><\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Water jet propulsion in boats:<\/b><\/span> This system works similarly to a jet engine, but it uses water instead of air. Boats using water jet propulsion can reach speeds of up to 90 km\/h.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Rocket engines:<\/b><\/span> Unlike jet engines, rockets do not take in air from the outside\u2014space has no atmosphere. Rockets carry both fuel and oxygen on board, burn them in the engine, and eject gas at high speed to generate thrust.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Ion engines (e.g., Hayabusa spacecraft):<\/b><\/span> Xenon gas is exposed to microwaves to create plasma and ions. An electric field accelerates these ions and ejects them backward, producing a gentle but continuous thrust.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\uff15\u6708\u306e\u30a4\u30c1\u30aa\u30b7\u5b9f\u9a13\uff01<\/h3>\r\n<p>\u30ad\u30fc\u30f3\u3068\u51b7\u3048\u308b\u30c9\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30a4\u30b9\uff01\u6c17\u6e29\u304c\u4e0a\u304c\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308b\u3053\u306e\u6642\u671f\u30fb\u30c9\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30a4\u30b9\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u6607\u83ef\u30fb\u51dd\u7d50\u30fb\u7b49\u901f\u5ea6\u76f4\u7dda\u904b\u52d5\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u306f\u3044\u304b\u304c\uff1f<\/p>\r\n<p><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-39516 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/0618612becc032a60bdda50090ccccbe.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/0618612becc032a60bdda50090ccccbe.jpg 1406w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/0618612becc032a60bdda50090ccccbe-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/0618612becc032a60bdda50090ccccbe-1024x572.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/0618612becc032a60bdda50090ccccbe-768x429.jpg 768w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/0618612becc032a60bdda50090ccccbe-320x180.jpg 320w\" alt=\"\" width=\"453\" height=\"253\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?p=39513\">\u6db2\u4f53\u30bc\u30ed\uff01\u30c9\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30a4\u30b9\u304c\u6d88\u3048\u308b\u307e\u3067\u306e\uff13\u6642\u9593\u3092\u79d1\u5b66\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6607\u83ef\u30fb\u51dd\u7d50\u30fb\u7b49\u901f\u5ea6\u76f4\u7dda\u904b\u52d5\uff09<\/a><\/p>\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b><strong>\u30c6\u30ec\u30d3\u756a\u7d44\u76e3\u4fee\u30fb\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u7b49\u306e\u304a\u77e5\u3089\u305b<\/strong><\/b><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>4\u670830\u65e5\uff08\u6728\uff09\u300cTHE\u7a81\u7834\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u300d\uff08\u65e5\u672c\u30c6\u30ec\u30d3\uff09\u306e<a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?p=62906\">\u79d1\u5b66\u76e3\u4fee\u3092\u62c5\u5f53\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/a>\u3002<\/li>\r\n<li>5\u67088\u65e5\uff08\u91d1\uff09<a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?p=62629\">\u7406\u79d1\u6559\u80b2\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30b9<\/a>\u3092\u62c5\u5f53\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/li>\r\n<li>6\u670814\u65e5\uff08\u65e5\uff09\u3000\u5343\u8449\u5927\u5b66\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30bf\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u300c\u63a2\u7a76\u300d\u306b\u3066\u8b1b\u5e2b\u3092\u52d9\u3081\u307e\u3059<\/li>\r\n<li>6\u670826\u65e5\uff08\u91d1\uff09\u3000\u5343\u8449\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u516c\u958b\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\uff08\u4e2d\u5b66\u7406\u79d1\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u6388\u696d\u516c\u958b\u4e88\u5b9a\uff09<\/li>\r\n<li>7\u670818\u65e5\uff08\u571f\uff09\u3000<a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?p=60018\">\u6559\u54e1\u5411\u3051\u5b9f\u9a13\u8b1b\u7fd2\u4f1a\u300c\u30ca\u30ea\u30ab\u30ab\u30b5\u30a4\u30a8\u30f3\u30b9\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30fc\u300d\u306e\u8b1b\u5e2b\u3092\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/a>\u3002\u304a\u4f1a\u3044\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><b>\u66f8\u7c4d<strong>\u306e\u304a\u77e5\u3089\u305b<\/strong><\/b><\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u300e\u5927\u4eba\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u9ad8\u6821\u7269\u7406\u5fa9\u7fd2\u5e33\u300f\uff08\u8b1b\u8ac7\u793e\uff09\u2026\u4e00\u822c\u5411\u3051\u306b\u65e5\u5e38\u306e\u7269\u7406\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u516c\u5f0f\u3092\u5143\u306b\u7d10\u89e3\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?p=1827\">\u7279\u8a2d\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8<\/a>\u3067\u306f\u5b9f\u9a13\u3092\u591a\u6570\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<strong>\u203b\u5897\u5237\u304c\u304b\u304b\u308a\uff16\u5237\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff082026\/02\/01\uff09<br \/><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-10940 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/0811159a99f69eeff1a357e3daed84e0-300x262.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 220px) 100vw, 220px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/0811159a99f69eeff1a357e3daed84e0-300x262.jpg 300w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/0811159a99f69eeff1a357e3daed84e0.jpg 311w\" alt=\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8 2014-07-05 0.43.51\" width=\"220\" height=\"192\" \/><br \/><\/strong><\/li>\r\n<li>\u300e\u304d\u3081\u308b!\u5171\u901a\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8 \u7269\u7406\u57fa\u790e \u6539\u8a02\u7248\u300f\uff08\u5b66\u7814\uff09\u2026\u3000\u9ad8\u6821\u7269\u7406\u306e\u53c2\u8003\u66f8\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30a4\u30e9\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u591a\u304f\u3057\u3066\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u304c\u6301\u3066\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u63cf\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6388\u696d\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044\u3001\u7269\u7406\u304c\u82e6\u624b\u3001\u305d\u3093\u306a\u751f\u5f92\u306b\u304a\u3059\u3059\u3081\u3067\u3059\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?p=45322\">\u7279\u8a2d\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8<\/a>\u306f\u3053\u3061\u3089\u3002<br \/><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-45718 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/dc1da64a8c8d1422062b4867c0607a1c.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 184px) 100vw, 184px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/dc1da64a8c8d1422062b4867c0607a1c.jpg 756w, https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/dc1da64a8c8d1422062b4867c0607a1c-300x269.jpg 300w\" alt=\"\" width=\"184\" height=\"165\" \/><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"text-align: center;\">\u5404\u7a2eSNS\uff08\u66f4\u65b0\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u304a\u5c4a\u3051\uff01\uff09<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a style=\"text-align: center;\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/kuwako\">X(Twitter)<\/a><span style=\"text-align: center;\">\uff0f<\/span><a style=\"text-align: center;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/science_seeds\/\">instagram<\/a><span style=\"text-align: center;\">\uff0f<\/span><a style=\"text-align: center;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/kuwakolab\/\">Facebook<\/a>\uff08\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\uff09<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a style=\"text-align: center;\" href=\"https:\/\/bsky.app\/profile\/kagakunoneta.bsky.social\">BlueSky<\/a><span style=\"text-align: center;\">\uff0f<\/span><a style=\"text-align: center;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.threads.net\/@science_seeds?hl=ja\">Threads<\/a>\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\uff09<\/p>\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Explore<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?page_id=30764\">\u697d\u3057\u3044\u5b9f\u9a13<\/a>\u2026\u304a\u5b50\u3055\u3093\u3068\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b\u5922\u4e2d\u306b\u306a\u308c\u308b\u30a4\u30c1\u30aa\u30b7\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9f\u9a13\u3092\u591a\u6570\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u9ad8\u6821\u7269\u7406\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u6df1\u3081\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u52d5\u753b\u6559\u6750\u3082\u7528\u610f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?page_id=798\">\u7406\u79d1\u306e\u6559\u6750<\/a>\u2026 \u7406\u79d1\u6559\u5e2b\u3092\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7\uff01\u6388\u696d\u306e\u8cea\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u3001\u6e96\u5099\u3092\u52b9\u7387\u5316\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u9078\u308a\u3059\u3050\u308a\u306e\u6559\u6750\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\r\n<li><a 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href=\"http:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?page_id=37\">About<\/a>\u00a0\u2026\u300c\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u30cd\u30bf\u5e33\u300d\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30bb\u30d7\u30c8\u3084\u3001\u904b\u55b6\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u6851\u5b50\u7814\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30fb\u60f3\u3044\u3092\u307e\u3068\u3081\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?page_id=188\">\u304a\u554f\u3044\u5408\u308f\u305b<\/a> \u2026\u5b9f\u9a13\u6559\u5ba4\u306e\u3054\u4f9d\u983c\u3001\u57f7\u7b46\u30fb\u8b1b\u6f14\u306e\u76f8\u8ac7\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u76e3\u4fee\u7b49\u306f\u3053\u3061\u3089\u306e\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30e0\u304b\u3089\u304a\u5bc4\u305b\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article is also available as a podcast! Watch the video explanation with slides. A watter rocket ( a smal [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":48836,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","sns_share_botton_hide":"","vkExUnit_sns_title":"","vkexunit_cta_each_option":"","_lightning_design_setting":{"layout":"default"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[781],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50858","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science-en"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/2bdbd1ee738f092c14f98126d73cfd1f.jpg","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":51945,"url":"https:\/\/phys-edu.net\/wp\/?p=51945&lang=en","url_meta":{"origin":50858,"position":0},"title":"Blast Off! An Easy DIY Science Experiment for Kids: The Paper Cup Rocket","author":"\u6851\u5b50 \u7814","date":"2025\u5e749\u670811\u65e5","format":false,"excerpt":"I'm Ken Kuwako, a science trainer. 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